That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay - 4

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow. Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge - Essay Example For instance, as proven by Albert Einstein, it is known that the highest velocity that can be possible is the quickness of light, but it was observed that there is quicker velocity than the quickness of light. It is worth mentioning that whatever a person believes is based upon the authority as it decides what has to be accepted in the society. However, as there is a change in time accordingly there is a change in knowledge as well. Thesis Statement. Correspondingly, the objective of the essay is to discuss the issues relating to knowledge that have aroused and how the knowledge attained before can be discarded due to the changes occurred in today’s prevailing situation. Knowledge issues or problems associated with knowledge are terms which do not have a single definition as this definition might cause confusion. However, these issues are directly related to understanding the world. These issues are open to exploration and enquiry of strength along with problems relating to knowledge. These issues help in finding out how knowledge can be of assistance along with limitations of knowledge in collaboration with the approaches of explanation and confirmation in different aspects of knowledge. In a broader perspective, knowledge issues include an assortment of aspects which could be approached from the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) viewpoint wherein it allows exploration, discussion and development of the issues. For instance, most frequently raised questions by students, â€Å"Are the textbooks and questions provided by the teachers’ right?† is a knowledge issue when it is framed appropriately in TOK objectives along with aims context (Carroll , â€Å"Knowledge Issues†). Moreover, it can be expected that if the knowledge issue is treated properly then it would certainly deal with aspects that can be interlinked in different relevant ways. This is the reason because of which the knowledge issue is treated in

Based upon your reading in The Worldly Philosophers by Robert L Essay

Based upon your reading in The Worldly Philosophers by Robert L. Helibroner, as well as CREDIBLE outside sources, outline the di - Essay Example Both Joseph Schumpeter and John Maynard Keynes were subjected to the same economic period, suffering from economic recession and aimed at developing theories aimed at economic development. However both analyzed the situation differently and thus observed different economic problems which made them to come with different definitions of the economics, which are very important in understanding the modern economic trends and situations. In an effort to solve the economic crisis, Keynes called for government intervention. Holding to the fact that money was not an just a means of exchange as was stipulated by the likes of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, but the supply of money, and to be specific money velocity had an adverse effect on the demand of goods, Keynes put it across that regulation of money supply would improve economic conditions during recession (Heilbroner 267). To come up to this conclusion, Keynes held lack of control of money supply in the capitalist system had caused the re cession. Schumpeter agreed to Keynes idea that the failure of capitalist system resulted to the economic recession but attributed the failure to poor relation between capitalist investors and the actual managers of the investment projects who happened to be employees. According to Schumpeter, the managers salaries are not correlated to the company’s profit and thus don’t strive to maintain or improve future returns. Although Schumpeter did not reject interventions, he held that capitalism could be maintained and its success accelerated ‘creative destruction’ that is replacement of old worn-out business models by new entrepreneurs’ innovations. What determines real price of commodities is a question that most economics have had in their minds. Keynes was not an exception, although his answers portrayed a view completely different from his predecessors. To develop his theories, Keynes held that money and credit were real, and greatly influenced commod ity prices (Heilbroner 270). Disregarding that firms and individuals had any impact the economy as demand which was only affected by money velocity influenced capital formation, productivity and employment. However Keynes held the assumption that his theory was only effective if the velocity of money was held constant. Schumpeter embedded on this assumption and criticized the whole theory on the fact that velocity of money can only be constant in primitive societies and not in the modern complex economic conditions. It was Keynes ideas, of fiscal and monetary policies that were used to solve the recession problem. However, equilibrium conditions were only obtained in the short run just as they were proposed by Keynes. Schumpeter criticized Keynes short run solutions as not caring about the future. Schumpeter identifies that the central economic problem was not equilibrium as stipulated by Keynes, and suggested that structural change was more realistic. In attempt to solve the proble m, he maintained that capitalist, not discarding intervention can still thrive given his theorem of the innovator. Schumpeter emphasized that equilibrium solutions were only short run that could not prevail in the long run due to structural changes. Contrary to their predecessors, Keynes and Schumpeter replaced the argument demand or supply of

Issues in Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management

Issues in Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management Xu Jinhuang Definition of Industrial Relations Industrial Relations focus on economic point of view, employees is a part of production and the legislation of employment term dominated by demand and supply economics. (Singh and Kumar, 2011). (Kelly) added that industrial relations is a process of creating rule and regulation to ensure the relationship in workplace and industry. The Singapore Industrial Relations During the 1950’s to early 1960’s Singapore face sky high unemployment rate and social unrest before gaining independence in 1965. Singapore has a well-established Industrial relation and stable labour management system it is well known that Singapore’s phenomenal economic growth after gaining independence was the result of the stable labour policy. Contribution to Economy In it economic development, Singapore government has pro-actively played a role in amending and regulating policy within the industrial. The Singapore Industrial relations act legislation started in 15th August 1968 (Eresources.nlb.gov.sg, 2015), to establish a clear guideline of employer’s management right and allow employees to reach their full potential while earning a better income and life. After The Industrial Relations Act has being implemented, the Employment Act was pass on next to fully provide a legal platform for employees and employers to follow and boost the labour relations, this legal act also aims to provide a steady, low cost and flexible industrial relation system to attract foreign organizations to invest in Singapore. The Employment Act preserved in regulation that wage negotiations should be based on economic growth and efficiency, rather than on unrealistic philosophies of justice (Bercuson and Carling). A tripartite industrial relations arrangement was also made with merge decision making base on entire phases of economic and social development which helped ensure in an environment of stability. (Singh and Kumar, 2011). In 1979 the PAP has implemented legal restrictions on collective bargaining, which include trade unions into the NTUC (National Trades Union Congress) and lastly consist of employers with NTUC through NWC (Nation Wage Council) which was establish in 1972 to make sure orderly wage increases and institutionalization of a flexible wage system that started in 1985 which combine wage increases to profits and productivity (TAN and BALAKRISHNAN, 2005). The NWC also made it compulsory for employer to made contribution to employees Central Provident Fund (CPF) which can be used for healthcare, retirement and house loan another Skills Development Fund (SDF) is for employees to further upgrade their skill and knowledge thru attending courses. These enhance them to become productive and updated. These measures were authorized by government for businesses to give part of their revenues to employees. The resulted in the citizens increase in their standard of living, healthcare, learning and employment rate (Rowley and Benson). (Bercuson and Carling) added that the NWC also recommended quantitative wage although it wasn’t bind in economy wide movements in typical earning is closely reflected. During 1998, the government rename Ministry of Labour to Ministry of Manpower (MOM) the objective was to create a globally competitive workforce that can achieve sustainable economic growth for it citizens, this result in Singapore being well recognized as a global developed industrialise economies. The government also used the wage reform policy and facilitate flexible Human Resource Management (Leggett, 2005). Conclusion Singapore economy is consider successful this was depended on highly developed and capable government that consistently update and amend the system and set the objective based on social and economic. Under the dominant political ruling, PAP bring a strike free and harmony industrial relations condition. Reference Kelly, D. Researching industrial relations Bibliography: Kelly, Di. Researching Industrial Relations. Leichardt, NSW: Federation Press, 1999. Print. ERESOURCES.NLB.GOV.SG Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act is enacted Singapore History Bibliography:Eresources.nlb.gov.sg, (2015).Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act is enacted Singapore History. [Online] Available at: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/d7778e3e-1d07-457d-8cb4-6b27c0b8eb6d [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. SINGH, P. N. AND KUMAR, N. Employee relations management Bibliography:Singh, P. and Kumar, N. (2011).Employee relations management. New Delhi: Pearson Education South Asia. LEGGETT, C. The fourth transformation of Singapore’s industrial relations Bibliography:Leggett, C. (2005).The fourth transformation of Singapore’s industrial relations. Degree. University of South Australia. Tan, E. S. AND BALAKRISHNAN, P. Globalization and National Industrial Relations Systems: Theoretical Implications from the Singapore Case Bibliography:TAN, E. and BALAKRISHNAN, P. (2005).Globalization and National Industrial Relations Systems: Theoretical Implications from the Singapore Case. National University of Singapore Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Bercuson, K. and Carling, R. G. Singaporea case study in rapid development Bibliography: Bercuson, Kenneth, and Robert G Carling. SingaporeA Case Study in Rapid Development. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 1995. Print. Rowley, C. and Benson, J. The management of human resources in the Asia Pacific region Bibliography: Rowley, Chris, and John Benson. The Management of Human Resources in the Asia Pacific Region. London: F. Cass, 2004. Print. Top of Form Bottom of Form Confirmation Certificate Congratulations! You have successfully completed the Library Plagiarism Quiz. Student Name: Xu Jinhuang Student Number: 13207569 Date: 30 June 2014 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT (signature)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ HAS COMPLETED THE PLAGIARISM QUIZ Remember that the confirmation certificate is a statement by you that you understand plagiarism and know how to avoid it. If you think that you do not understand plagiarism and how to avoid it after working through this tutorial, you should confer with your module coordinator, no matter what score you have obtained on the test. Please print out this page and attach a copy of the certificate to the final page in all assignments you submit on each module as part of your programme (It is your responsibility to print the certificate, complete the information, sign it, and keep a copy of it for your records) 1

Free Euthanasia Essays: The Church and Assisted Suicide :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Church groups wrote to all members of Congress urging support for the Lethal Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 1998. Excerpts follow: Swift enactment of this legislation is necessary due to a seriously flawed ruling by U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno... The ruling asserts that Oregon, by rescinding its own civil and criminal penalties for assisting the suicides of certain patients, has established assisted suicide as a "legitimate medical practice" within Oregon's borders -- and that the federal government lacks any basis for disagreeing with this judgment. Under this ruling, however, federal intervention by the Drug Enforcement Administration in Oregon "may well be warranted" in cases where a physician "fails to comply with state procedures" regarding how and when to assist suicides. Federal law will protect the lives only of those deemed by the state to be "ineligible" for assisted suicide. The Oregon assisted suicide law, in and of itself, poses an enormous threat to human dignity and to equal protection of all citizens under law. While continuing to forbid assistance in the suicide of a young and healthy person, this law rescinds criminal, civil and professional penalties for a doctor who assists the suicide of someone he or she believes "in good faith" to have six months to live. Ironically, once this "good faith" judgment is made it will never be proved wrong, because the patient will be dead from a drug overdose in a few days. Oregon's discriminatory policy stigmatizes an entire class of vulnerable patients as having lives not worth protecting. For this reason it has been found unconstitutional by the only federal court to review Oregon's law on the merits. See Lee v. Oregon, 891 F.Supp. 1429 (D. Or. 1995), vacated on other grounds, 107 F.3d 1382 (9th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 328 (1997). Current federal policy demands an increased penalty when the victim of a crime is seriously ill or otherwise "unusually vulnerable" (United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual, p. 227, Â § 3A1.1). How, then, can the federal government now adjust its penalties under the Controlled Substances Act to confirm and enforce Oregon's discriminatory policy on assisted suicide -- where the vulnerable condition of the victim turns a crime into a "legitimate medical practice"? Any "states' rights" argument on this issue is contradicted by the plain language and intent of the federal Controlled Substances Act.

An Essay on Jane Addams

The argument Addams makes that â€Å"educational matters are more democratic in their political than in their social aspect†, I believe she is referring to the long struggle between the teachers and the Chicago School Board. The Chicago School Board was politically corrupt. Many of the teachers and custodial engineers were friends of politicians who secured their positions in exchange for certain kickbacks. The school board maintained control over the school administration for many years. During which they restricted the types of children that were able to attend the public schools and they restricted the amount of freedom and authority the teachers were able to use in their classrooms. On several different occasions the â€Å"Dunne† members of the board attempted to lower the restriction on the teachers side but were warned-off with tales of the politicians and the difficulties previous attempts encountered. Addams' describes the situation between the superintendent and the Teachers' Federation as â€Å"an epitome of the struggle between efficiency and democracy† (171). She clearly understood both standpoints and why they both felt compelled to make their argument, although she does mention that they both â€Å"inevitably exaggerated the difficulties of the situation† (171). As a member of the school board, Addams tried to influence the Federation to make changes that would be in the best interest of the children, but after the legal struggle and following months of constant change, many of the important measure were withdrawn. Although she did have an opportunity to debate these measures in a democratic way, they were dismissed because of (more or less) political reasons. Jane Addams' role for education in an effort to reform the city was to take the disruptive delinquents the public schools rejected and accept them unconditionally into the settlement. Give them the opportunity to learn domestic training and trade teachings. She felt that even people of lesser means were interested in the same topics as the â€Å"well-to-do† people of society. She also thought that if you give a child encouragement and a sense of self-worth combined with an opportunity to become something in society that they would try to become productive. Hull-House offered educational opportunities for anyone who wanted to attend with no political or economic restrictions. Hull-House also offered the opportunity for recreation, such as supervised sports matches, which hundreds of youths seemed to prefer. Jane Addams' makes an important statement that â€Å"The educational activities of a Settlement, as well as its philanthropic, civic, and social undertakings, are but differing manifestations of the attempt to socialize democracy, as is the very existence of the Settlement itself,† (206). That illustrates her idea of education, which I believe is what she wanted for the public school system, but was unable to achieve while she was a member of the board. An Essay on Jane Addams The argument Addams makes that â€Å"educational matters are more democratic in their political than in their social aspect†, I believe she is referring to the long struggle between the teachers and the Chicago School Board. The Chicago School Board was politically corrupt. Many of the teachers and custodial engineers were friends of politicians who secured their positions in exchange for certain kickbacks. The school board maintained control over the school administration for many years. During which they restricted the types of children that were able to attend the public schools and they restricted the amount of freedom and authority the teachers were able to use in their classrooms. On several different occasions the â€Å"Dunne† members of the board attempted to lower the restriction on the teachers side but were warned-off with tales of the politicians and the difficulties previous attempts encountered. Addams' describes the situation between the superintendent and the Teachers' Federation as â€Å"an epitome of the struggle between efficiency and democracy† (171). She clearly understood both standpoints and why they both felt compelled to make their argument, although she does mention that they both â€Å"inevitably exaggerated the difficulties of the situation† (171). As a member of the school board, Addams tried to influence the Federation to make changes that would be in the best interest of the children, but after the legal struggle and following months of constant change, many of the important measure were withdrawn. Although she did have an opportunity to debate these measures in a democratic way, they were dismissed because of (more or less) political reasons. Jane Addams' role for education in an effort to reform the city was to take the disruptive delinquents the public schools rejected and accept them unconditionally into the settlement. Give them the opportunity to learn domestic training and trade teachings. She felt that even people of lesser means were interested in the same topics as the â€Å"well-to-do† people of society. She also thought that if you give a child encouragement and a sense of self-worth combined with an opportunity to become something in society that they would try to become productive. Hull-House offered educational opportunities for anyone who wanted to attend with no political or economic restrictions. Hull-House also offered the opportunity for recreation, such as supervised sports matches, which hundreds of youths seemed to prefer. Jane Addams' makes an important statement that â€Å"The educational activities of a Settlement, as well as its philanthropic, civic, and social undertakings, are but differing manifestations of the attempt to socialize democracy, as is the very existence of the Settlement itself,† (206). That illustrates her idea of education, which I believe is what she wanted for the public school system, but was unable to achieve while she was a member of the board.

People Living on the Continent of North America Suffer 9 Times More Chronic Fatigue and 31 Times More Chronic Depression

A recent study shows that people living on the continent of North America suffer 9 times more chronic fatigue and 31 times more chronic depression than do people living on the continent of Asia. Interestingly, Asians, on average, eat 20 grams of soy per day, whereas North Americans eat virtually none. It turns out that soy contains phytochemicals called isoflavones, which have been found to possess disease–preventing properties.Thus, North Americans should consider eating soy on a regular basis as a way of preventing fatigue and depression. The purposes of this idea try to convince the audience that the people who are living in North American continent should usually eat soy for preventing fatigue and depression. To support his proposal, he explains that, the fact of people, who are living in Asia continent, have average eating soy equal to 20 grams per day.The point is that in North America continent, no anyone eating. Nevertheless, I still found that his reasons are inconven ience in the following aspects. First of all, the writer indicates that number of people who are living in North America continent have suffer 9 times and 31 times more chronic fatigue and depression respectively than the Asian people. However, this statistic may be wrong. Static should depend on time interval. But this static don’t specific time what year of research.For example, if you research while USA has economic problem, the value of fatigue and depression should higher than Asia continent. Secondly, He expected that soy has phytochemicals called isoflavones, which have been found to possess disease – preventing properties. However, eating soy or not may be not the essential reasons. Sometime, it is style of living. For example, in most country in North America continent are urban while country in Asia almost are rural.So this is the make sense reason, which make static of fatigue and depression in North America has the value more than in Asia. Simply put, the a rgument offered by the writer is still weak. If he wants improve the credibility, he should provide more data, especially about when time of survey and other control variable like status of economic. If I have to assess this argument, I would need evidence when time of survey of chronic fatigue and depression and status of economic.